Many-space model
Many-space model and conceptual metaphors projection presented in the theory of conceptual integration Gilles. Fokone and M. Turner - a qualitative leap in the development of the theory of metaphor. This model consists of two or more elements, the mental worlds, which are integrated into a new mental space. Based on the available input spaces (source-input space 1 and target - input space 2) and additionally imposed Fokone Gilles and Mark Turner generic space (generic space), with mixing, we get a new - or output space the space of mixed (blended space). Generic space contains the background, basic knowledge, which are common to both input spaces, as well as for space. This is a kind of coordinating the space, causing the input space in a structural line, which in turn is a projection of conceptual structure (input1 > input2), which occurs in the presence of a structural alignment of the available spaces. As a result, we do not operate with two, and four or more spaces, then we can have projected and confused, as well as add to them additional input space.
Conceptual scheme of integration is as follows: two input spaces - source-goal, these spaces through a combination of structural mapping, and produce yet another, independent, and the new mixed-space, bringing the resulting integrated structure. As mentioned earlier, there is a generic space, which comes under the influence of the integration of the first and second input spaces in the output space is mixed. As shown in the figure, a generic space - a kind of center of balance that controls the accuracy of integration. Dots and solid lines - the objects of each space and the relations between them, dotted - mapping between entities spaces. Before turning to the metaphors, the most basic mixing processes.
According to J. Gradi, T. plastered and C. Coles (Joseph E. Grady, T. Oakley. Seana Coulson. Blending and Metaphor), in the process of integration and the subsequent mixing occurs the following three steps: "composition" ( "composition") , "conclusion" ( "completion") and "development" ( "elaboration"). The first thing that happens - a composition that allows the design of content from the source to the goal and the output space. It is important to note that this process involves a personal understanding and association, which manages the actor. Conclusion - the process, which received mixed output space, namely the structure, designed by the source and purpose, consistent with information in long-term memory. And development - modeling and subsequent mental development of a mixed concept. Once installed with the long-term knowledge about the mixing, we can develop and build further the possible spatial patterns for different trajectories, based on optimality conditions, highlighted by Fokone J. and M. Turner.
To use the model of conceptual integration, in contrast to the integration of complex mnogoprostranstvennyh metaphorical structures must comply with certain conditions.
"Integration condition" (Integration) suggests that the mixed structures are easily represented as a single concept.
"Networks' (Web), it is important for a seamless connection between the mixed-space and its input.
"Key" (Unpacking) is required in order to reconstruct the network of spaces, of which was integration.
"Topology" (Topology). Topological conditions require that a similar confused with similar, or related to each other mixed objects structures are aligned with other objects of their spaces similar manner that ensures the legitimacy of semantic integration.
"Usefulness" (Good Reason) - the resulting concept, the integration must have sufficient value in relation to other concepts in the spaces.
The work of G. and M. Turner Fokone deal with a number of established metaphors, such as "the scientist-priest', "death - grim reaper", "Surgeon - butcher", "if Clinton was" Titanic " and others.
"Scientist - Priest"
To align integrating space, we must steer a laboratory at the temple, a scientist at the altar table, and the scientific method for religious testimony.
"Death - grim reaper"
In this example, the generic space is the equalizer for the metaphysical concept - death, and the physical concept - reaper. As a result, formation of new, mixed area, which designed the elements of input spaces. Reaper of the concept of harvest is projected to as "the death of the skew". The main tool reaper - spit, which he kosit grass harvest is projected to die. As a result of integration was to shift the concept reaper on his gun - Spit. In doing so, the whole metaphor of "death with oblique" became animated by the pubescence is reaper. It has replaced the concept of "Spit", whose generic space includes the reaper, and the harvest.